![]() There are many issues in the setting of standards, and these are discussed. Physiological and behavioral requirements on key species form the basis of present water temperature criteria, but may need to be augmented with more concern for environmental settings. Life-cycle strategies of salmonids, in particular, are attuned to annual temperature patterns. There are specific biotic adaptations to environmental temperatures. Different environmental zones have characteristic temperatures and mechanisms that affect them. Many factors, both natural and anthropogenic, affect water temperatures in the region. It is a companion to other detailed reviews of the literature on thermal effects on organisms important to the region. This report provides a perspective on environmental water temperatures in the Pacific Northwest as they relate to the establishment of water temperature standards by the state and their review by the US Environmental Protection Agency.
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